[Incremental backup] How these "keep last x backups" options work?

If my memory is correct, hestiacp uses restic for these backups. The ‘keep last x backups’ is explained in their documentation.

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how do I set it so that it only keeps last 30 daily backups. I don’t understand what the value -1 mean or 0 mean.

Set snapshots and daily to 30 and the others to -1. A value less then 0 disables those backups. See the source.

Note that Restic uses deduplication, so the same data is only stored once, no matter in how much backups it is present.

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If you have set for example to keep the last 30 snapshots but also set keep last month backup to 6 it will keep:

1 - 24 of the daily backups and 25 - 30 will be the monthly backups